Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is a complex condition with several possible contributing factors. The rapid and irregular heartbeat produced by AF increases the risk of blood clot formation inside the heart. These clots may eventually become dislodged, causing embolism, stroke and other disorders.
- What Is Atrial Fibrillation?
- How the Heart Works
- Types, and who is at risk
- What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation?
- How Is Atrial Fibrillation Treated?
- How Can Atrial Fibrillation Be Prevented?
- Key points Atrial Fibrillation
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Types of Atrial Fibrillation
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
In paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), the abnormal electrical signals and rapid heart rate begin suddenly and then stop on their own. Symptoms can be mild or severe and last for seconds, minutes, hours, or days.
Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Persistent AF is a condition in which the abnormal heart rhythm continues until it’s stopped with treatment.
Permanent Atrial Fibrillation
Permanent AF is a condition in which the normal heart rhythm can’t be restored with the usual treatments. Both paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation may become more frequent and eventually result in permanent AF.
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Who Is At Risk for Atrial Fibrillation?
Populations Affected
More than 2 million people in the United States have atrial fibrillation (AF), and it affects both men and women. AF generally occurs in older people, mostly because they’re more likely to have heart disease or conditions that increase the risk of AF. AF is uncommon among young people.
Major Risk Factors
AF is more common in people with heart diseases or conditions, including:
- • Coronary artery disease
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• Heart failure
- • Rheumatic heart disease
- • Structural defects, such as mitral valve disorders
- • Pericarditis (inflammation of the tissues surrounding the heart)
- • Congenital heart defects
- • Sick sinus syndrome (a condition in which the heart's electrical signals don't fire properly and the heart rate slows down; sometimes the heart will switch back and forth between a too-slow rate and a too-fast rate)
AF also is more common in people who are having a heart attack or who have just had surgery.
Other conditions that increase AF risk include hyperthyroidism, obesity, high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes, and lung diseases.
Recent evidence suggests that patients who receive high-dose steroid therapy are at increased risk of AF. This therapy, which is commonly used for asthma and certain inflammatory conditions, may act as a trigger in people who already have other risk factors for AF.