Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is a complex condition with several possible contributing factors. The rapid and irregular heartbeat produced by AF increases the risk of blood clot formation inside the heart. These clots may eventually become dislodged, causing embolism, stroke and other disorders.

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How Can Atrial Fibrillation Be Prevented?

A heart-healthy lifestyle can prevent atrial fibrillation

Prevention of atrial fibrillation is a challenging task. Steps you can take to decrease the likelihood of developing atrial fibrillation include maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding stimulants and using alcohol in moderation. Optimal management of high blood pressure and other heart disorders will help prevent atrial fibrillation and certain medications can be used to decrease its incidence after heart surgery.

You may be able to prevent atrial fibrillation (AF) by leading a healthy lifestyle and taking steps to lower your risk for heart disease. These steps include:

• Not smoking

• Following a heart healthy diet that is low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol and that includes a variety of grains, fruits, and vegetables daily.

• Getting regular physical activity

• Maintaining a healthy weight

If you have heart disease or risk factors, you should work with your doctor to control your condition and lower your risk of complications, such as AF. In addition to following the healthy lifestyle steps above, which also can help control heart disease, your doctor may advise you to to take one or more of the following steps.

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Living With Atrial Fibrillation

People who have atrial fibrillation (AF)—even permanent AF—can live normal, active lives.

If you have AF, you should:

• Keep all your medical appointments.

• Bring all the medicines you’re taking to every doctor and emergency room visit. This will help your doctor know exactly what medicines you’re taking.

• Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking medicines. Be careful about taking over-the-counter medicines, nutritional supplements, or cold and allergy medicines, because some contain stimulants that can trigger rapid heart rhythms. Some over-the-counter medicines can have harmful interactions with heart rhythm medicines.

• Tell your doctor if you’re having side effects from your medicines, if your symptoms are getting worse, or if you have new symptoms.

• If you’re taking blood-thinning medicines, you will need to be monitored carefully, including getting regular blood tests to check how the medicines are working. Talk with your doctor about your monitoring program.

Talk with your doctor about diet, physical activity, weight control, and alcohol use.

The main goal of treatment is to prevent stroke

The goals of atrial fibrillation treatment include stroke prevention, restoration of normal heart rhythm and heart rate control. The treatment can be challenging and should be designed to meet the needs of each individual patient. The specific type of treatment depends on the contributing causes of atrial fibrillation, coexisting heart disease, if the disease is episodic or permanent and if the symptoms are interfering with daily activities and quality of life. Restoration of normal heart rhythm is often not possible. Anticoagulation (thinning of the blood) for stroke prevention is generally recommended for all patients older than 65 as well as younger patients who also have hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases.